Data Report
Is Israel an ethnostate? The laws, and what political scientists call it
Israel’s 2018 Basic Law reserves self-determination to Jews. The statutes, the ethnic-democracy typology and the official counts, read in full.
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131 results for “US Israel Policy”
Data Report
Is the apartheid comparison accurate? 120 South African laws, side by side
South Africa’s apartheid statute book, Act by Act, set beside Israel’s enacted texts and court rulings: where the instruments align and where they differ.
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Did Herzl envision a Jewish supremacist state? His text and its earliest critics
Israel’s 1948 Declaration credits Herzl with convening the 1897 congress; a clause making self-determination exclusive to Jews was enacted in 2018.
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Does Israeli law privilege Jews? The 3 statutes that name them
Three Israeli statutes name Jews as a legal category. A reading of their text, the 1992 Basic Law and the Supreme Court’s 2000 equality ruling.
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What was early Zionism’s “Arab question”? An 1891 warning and the documents after it
Ahad Ha’am set out the problem in 1891; the 1931 census counted Jews at 16.9%. The dated texts from Basel to Peel, quoted in their own words.
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What role did antisemitism play in Zionism’s rise? In the founders’ own words
Pinsker (1882) and Herzl (1896) put antisemitism at the centre; the 1897 Basel Program never names it. The founding record, read in full.
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Can a Jewish state be a pluralist democracy? Its founding text against its courts
Israel’s Supreme Court in 2000 found no contradiction between Jewish statehood and equality. The statutes and scholarship are read beside it.
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Who disarms first in Gaza, and who withdraws when? What Resolution 2803 says
Resolution 2803 (2025) endorsed a 20-point plan tying staged Israeli withdrawal to conditions and decommissioning to monitors it never names.
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Is AIPAC a grassroots organization? Its own tax return, line by line
AIPAC calls itself grassroots on its 2025 Form 990. The same return reports no dues revenue and 42 volunteers; FEC filings show how its money arrives.
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Is AIPAC directed by a foreign government? What the foreign-agent register shows
AIPAC is absent from 7,076 FARA records and files lobbying reports as its own client. What the registers and the statute record.
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Does AIPAC punish politicians who oppose Israel? Following its super PAC’s $37.9 million
AIPAC’s super PAC reported $20.8 million opposing Democrats and $3.0 million opposing Republicans in the 2024 cycle. What the filings record.
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Is the right of return a deal-breaker for two states? The 1995 agreement and both publics’ polls
Oslo II lists refugees as one of seven permanent-status items. The 1974 vote, Israel’s entry laws and two polls show where return sits among them.
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What would the right of return do to Israel’s population? The census and the one published scenario
Israel’s 2026 count, the gap any return would have to close, the one computed scenario, and what the official record contains on return.
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How does Israel use military orders to seize land? The 1967 order and the 1979 ruling
A 1979 Israeli Supreme Court judgment, a 1967 military order and a 2005 government review record how seizure orders take West Bank land.
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What is the “natural growth” argument for settlements? The birth counts behind it
Israel’s statistics bureau splits births from migration. A 2005 outpost review and Supreme Court rulings record where settlement homes stand.
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What did Israeli intelligence know before October 7? The agencies’ own reviews
Israel’s Shin Bet says Hamas invasion plans were detected in 2018 and 2022. What the IDF’s own review, a state audit and scholars say went wrong.
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How have Gaza casualty counts held up in past wars? Four wars, compared
Paired tolls from 2008, 2014 and 2021, the ministry’s own 2024 lists and two estimates show how far Gaza’s casualty counts have diverged.
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Do Gaza’s death tolls include natural deaths? Inside the ministry’s lists
Gaza’s ministry lists record no cause of death. What the relatives’ channel, the approval committee and the injury-only Lancet estimate show.
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Have errors been found in Gaza’s death lists? The ministry’s own corrections, record by record
What the Gaza ministry’s own corrections, list fields and a peer-reviewed Lancet estimate record about errors in its published fatality lists.
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Does “ZOG” claim Jews control the US government? The term’s origins and what Americans believe
The ADL defines ZOG as a white supremacist acronym for Jewish control of the US government. A 2022 survey put a related power belief at 20%.
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Can Israel take uncultivated Palestinian farmland? The 1858 law behind the question
Under the 1858 Ottoman Code, three fallow years created a tapu right, not a seizure. The court record, statutes and counts on how land changed hands.
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Why does Israel call Palestinians a “demographic threat”? The government’s own words and its census
Israel’s Foreign Ministry tied the concern to refugee return in 2009; official counts show the Arab share near 21% from 2024 to 2026.
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What are Israel’s war aims? The government’s own words and counts
Israel’s own documents name two Gaza war aims: the hostages and Hamas’s military capacity. Its counts, aid record and Knesset vote add detail.
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When did the Israeli-Palestinian conflict start? Five dates on the record
A 1937 British inquiry, the 1917 and 1948 instruments and a 1989 study each date the conflict differently. What the dated record shows.
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Do Palestinians have a legal claim to the land as an Indigenous people? What the courts and land codes say
Israel’s Supreme Court ruled 5 to 0 for Palestinian landowners in 1979 on title. What land codes, statutes and resolutions rest claims on.
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Does Israel’s nation-state law enable discrimination? The text, and 15 challenges in court
The 2018 Basic Law has no equality clause and no clause authorizing unequal treatment. Reading its text, the 1992 Basic Law and three court rulings.
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How does AIPAC help its candidates win? Following $41 million in “political” spending
AIPAC’s 2025 Form 990 reports $41.2 million in political program services. The FEC, IRS and Senate filings show how each channel moves money.
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Does Israel discriminate against its Arab citizens? What its courts and statistics show
Israel’s Supreme Court declared a state land allocation discriminatory in 2000. What the ruling, the founding texts and the official counts record.
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Does anti-Zionism deny the Jewish right to a state? Three definitions, compared
A 1919 anti-Zionist petition, three antisemitism definitions, Israel’s statutes and a 1995 survey on rejecting a Jewish state versus rejecting Jews.
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What did “colony” mean to early Zionists? The six Judean colonies’ own records
From six Judean colonies in 1882 to 1903 to a 2018 Basic Law clause on settlement: what Zionism’s ‘colony’ named, and where scholars split over it.
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Was Zionism a colonial project? The land, the laws and two court rulings
The colonial argument about Zionism, traced to dated records: the 1922 Mandate, the 1950 land statutes, two court rulings and official counts.
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Does Zionism aim to eliminate Palestinians? What the founding texts and the population counts say
Zionism’s founding texts, both statistics bureaus, the Gaza war record and Israel’s statutes, read against three meanings of “eliminate.”
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Is Zionism an Indigenous rights movement? The laws, the census and five scholarly works
Israel’s 2018 Basic Law cites a “historical right” to self-determination. What the statutes, population counts and named scholarship record.
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How powerful is the Israel lobby? The money and the votes, by the numbers
AIPAC reported $3.76 million in 2025 lobbying income, outside the top 20 clients. Its affiliated super PAC spent $37.9 million in the 2024 cycle.
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Is support for Israel debated in Congress? The roll calls and the polls
Four recorded votes on Israel security assistance, 2021 to 2024, the statutes that condition US transfers, and how voters answer the same question.
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Is Israel Preventing Palestinians From Leaving Gaza for Medical Treatment? Reading the Permit Instrument, the Exit Counts and the Court Orders
WHO counts 7,841 Gaza medical evacuations to September 2025, most before May 2024. Israel reports approving 98% of submitted requests.
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Have Former Israeli Officials or UN Leaders Called It Apartheid? Reading the 14 Named Statements, Their Dates and Their Tense
The list of 15 former Israeli leaders names 14. Six apply the word to the present; the rest warn, use other words, or trace to someone else.
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Does the Gaza Ceasefire Plan Offer a Path to Palestinian Statehood? Reading Point 19, the Council Vote and Each Party’s Own Words
The plan’s only statehood clause says conditions “may” allow a pathway. What the Council text, the 1933 criteria and each party’s own words record.
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Is Israel’s Annexation of East Jerusalem Recognized Internationally? Reading the Recorded Votes, the Enacted Texts and Both Bureaus’ Counts
No state has published a recognition of sovereignty over East Jerusalem. What the recorded votes, the enacted texts and both bureaus’ counts show.
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How Does the Occupation Affect Palestinian Access to Water and Electricity? Reading the Per-Capita Measurements, the Signed Agreement and the Damage Assessments
Palestinians used 86.3 litres of water a day in 2021 against a 100-litre reference, and bought 22% of their water from Israel’s national utility.
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What Is Breaking the Silence, and What Do Its Testimonies Record About the Occupation?
An Israeli veterans’ group has collected accounts from over 1,000 soldiers since 2004. What a testimony archive can and cannot measure.
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How Does Israel Control the Palestinian Economy Under Occupation? Reading the Signed Protocol, the Revenue Deductions and the Permit Registers
Israel collects the customs and VAT the World Bank calls the Palestinian Authority’s primary revenue source. What the signed texts and registers record.
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What Role Does Demography Play in Israel’s Policies Toward Palestinians? Reading the Statutes, the Two Population Registers and the Court Record
Israel’s immigration law, its census boundary and its courts each treat the Jewish majority differently. What the statutes and the counts record.
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What Are the Arguments That Zionism Is Racist? Reading the 1975 Resolution, Israel’s Statutes and the Named Scholarship
The case that Zionism is racist rests on a revoked 1975 UN vote, two Israeli statutes and rival scholarship. What each text says.
Explainer
What Must an IDF Soldier Do Who Sees a Violation? NAZA’s Insiders and the IDF’s Own Rules
The IDF says NAZA’s interviewees had to report what they saw. Its ethics code, the black-flag test and 74 investigations show what that means.
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NAZA Says Civilian Deaths Were Built Into Strike Approvals. What Do the IDF’s Targeting Records Show?
What an IDF targeting presentation and 18 clips of IDF strike footage show about the documentary NAZA’s claim that civilian deaths were built into approvals.
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Does “Occupation” Still Describe Israel? What the Word Designates, the Test It Turns On, and What Each Register Counts
The term attaches to named parcels of territory, not to a state. What the instruments, Israel’s own court record and each population register show.
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Did Zionists Want a Jewish State With as Few Palestinian Arabs as Possible? Reading the Transfer Documents, the 1937 Recommendation and the Founding Text
The transfer statements are letters and remarks; the 225,000 figure is British. What the pre-state record holds, document by document.
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How Much Room Is There for Two Populations Between the River and the Sea? Reading Both Statistical Registers, the Refugee Counts and the Fertility Series
The Palestinian bureau recorded 5,853 people per square kilometre in Gaza. What both statistical registers count, and where they disagree.
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How Does West Bank Land Become State Land? Reading the 1858 Code Articles, the 1979 Resolution and the Court Record
Article 68 of the Ottoman Land Code says fallow land becomes the right of Tapu, not that it reverts to the state. Reading the articles as enacted.
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Does a Claim of Self-Defence Answer a Genocide Charge? Reading the Convention Text, the Rome Statute Grounds and the Charter Article
The 1948 Genocide Convention runs to 19 articles and none states a defence. Where self-defence sits instead, and which question each instrument answers.
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Does the Palestinian Authority Support a Two-State Solution? Reading the Dated Statements, the Standing Position and the Measured Polls
Two dated 2026 Palestinian statements set against a survey of 1,270 people that recorded 44% support and 50% opposition on a bare two-state item.
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Who Owns Palestine? Reading the Jurisdiction Clauses, the Military Order and the Treaty Standard
The 1995 Interim Agreement splits the West Bank into three jurisdictions and assigns title to none of them. What the governing instruments say.
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Do Israeli Settlements Hinder the Two-State Solution? Reading the Signed Interim Agreement, the Court Records and the Recorded Votes
What the 1995 Interim Agreement, two Israeli outpost judgments and a 1933 treaty actually say about settlements, Area C jurisdiction and statehood.
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How Is Israel Similar to Apartheid South Africa? Reading Both Statute Books, the Court Records and the Signed Agreements
South Africa’s own state commission listed 120 apartheid Acts with dates; Israel’s record on the same dimensions is a different set of instruments.
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How Has Israel’s Occupation Affected Palestinian Freedom of Movement? Reading the Permit Instrument and the Quotas It Publishes
COGAT’s own permit instrument sets a standing quota of 74,300 for construction work in Israel, publishes no total, and records no count of anyone who crossed.
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How Does AIPAC Influence Lawmakers? Four Registers, Four Statutes, and What Each One Records
AIPAC reported $3,757,105 in lobbying income for 2025, about 0.07% of federal lobbying. Four disclosure regimes, and what each one does and does not record.
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Does Israel Prevent Palestinians in Gaza From Accessing Humanitarian Aid? Reading the Enacted Standard, the Entry Counts and the Household Enumeration
US law has barred assistance to governments that restrict humanitarian aid since 1996. What the entry counts and the site enumeration each measured.
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What Would a Palestinian State Require to Function? Reading the Registers, Censuses and Audits
What the registers, censuses, audits and court files record about the machinery a Palestinian state would run on, and where the record holds nothing.
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Do Israeli Politicians Undermine the Legitimacy of Palestinian Representatives? Reading the Enacted Texts, the Recorded Votes and the Court Record
Israel’s Knesset can unseat a member by 90 of 120 votes and rejected Palestinian statehood 68 to 9. What the enacted record and the courts show.
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Is Israel’s Occupation of Palestinian Territories Related to Its Opposition to Statehood? Reading the Recorded Votes, the Treaty Text and Each Party’s Own Statements
Israel’s parliament voted 68 to 9 against Palestinian statehood in July 2024. What the recorded votes and the law of occupation each hold.
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How Does Land Titling Advance Israeli Control Over Occupied Territory? Reading the Registration Counts, the Cabinet Decision and the Treaty Text
1.3 million dunums registered since 2016, 24,258 dunams declared state land in 2024, and what a 1907 treaty text says about a land register.
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How Does AIPAC Affect Progressive Democrats? Reading the FEC Filings, the Recorded Votes and the Measured Corpora
The United Democracy Project reported $37,860,200 in 2024-cycle independent expenditures. What the filings and the roll calls record.
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Who Is the Aggressor in the Israel-Palestine Conflict? Reading the Definition, the Deciding Forum and Each Party’s Own Counts
Aggression is a defined legal term with one deciding forum. What the 1974 definition, the recorded votes and each party’s own counts record.
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Did Zionism Come at the Expense of Arab People? Reading the Displacement Counts, the Founding Text and Israel’s Own Statistics
A UN commission estimated 710,000 Palestinians driven out in 1948 to 1949. What the counts, the founding text and the court record hold.
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What Caused the Displacement of Palestinians in 1948? Reading the Archives, the Directive and the Locality Counts
The 1948 displacement, cause by cause: what the archival typology assigns to military operations, expulsion orders, and fear.
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Why Is the Two-State Solution Failing? Reading the Enacted Texts, the Official Counts and the Named Analyses
Three conditions partition requires, read against Israel’s and the Palestinian Authority’s own published counts, the enacted texts and the recorded votes.
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What Incentives Do Israeli Leaders Lack to Pursue a Two-State Solution? Reading the Joint Survey, the Enacted Text and the Recorded Votes
Israeli Jewish support for a detailed final-status package measured 25% in the September 2024 joint survey. What the rest of the record holds.
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What Is the Zionist Occupation Government (ZOG)? Reading the Definitions, the Measured Corpora and the Public Record
ZOG is an acronym for a claim of hidden Jewish control of government. What the definitions, the measured online corpora and the public record hold.
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Why Is the IDF Called the Israeli Occupation Forces? Reading the Founding Order, Israel’s Own Record and the Measured Corpora
The army was named by order of Israel’s Provisional Government on 26 May 1948. What the legal record, the army’s own code and coded corpora show.
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Is the IDF the World’s Most Moral Army? Reading the Surveys, the Army’s Own Code and Its Own Investigation Counts
In a 2022 JPPI survey, 47% of Israeli Jews called the claim highly accurate. What the surveys, the army’s own code and its own investigation counts record.
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Why Are Israeli Settlements Considered Illegal Under International Law? Reading the Treaty Clause, the Recorded Vote and Israel’s Own Court Record
The illegality finding traces to one sentence of the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention. What the clause says, and where the reading is disputed.
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Does Israel Discriminate Against Palestinian Refugees? Reading the Statutes, the Court Record and the Counts Each Body Publishes
Israel’s Law of Return, its 1952 Citizenship Law, the court record on family reunification, and why four published refugee counts differ by millions.
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What Are the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict? Reading the Dated Instruments, the Commissioned Reviews and the Official Counts
Historians date the formative period to 1882. What the Balfour text, the Mandate instrument, the 1937 commission and the official counts record.
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How Have the October 7 Atrocities Been Justified? Reading the Catalogued Frames, the Party’s Own Text and the Treaty Clauses
Three catalogued denial categories, Hamas’s own January 2024 text, the treaty clauses that answer them, and the monitoring counts that coincided.
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What Was the Background to the October 7 Attacks? Reading the Official Chronology, the Party’s Own Statement and the Assessments Issued
The official chronology, Hamas’s own stated rationale and the published assessments of what preceded the 7 October 2023 attack.
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What Is the Relationship Between the IDF and Israeli Settlers in the West Bank? Reading the Official Records, the Enacted Texts and the Testimony
The State Department’s 2023 report, Israel’s own enacted texts and the 2024 transfer of civil powers, against the figures nobody publishes.
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Does Hamas Account for Deaths Caused by Hamas Itself? Reading the Fields on the Published Lists
What the Gaza Ministry of Health’s fatality records actually contain, what each party counts separately, and what no published list reconciles.
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How Did Early Zionists Interact With Palestinians? Reading the Colony Records, the Founding Texts and the Historians’ Dispute
An 1886 clash, a labor ratio, boundary and grazing disputes in the colony archives: what the dated record holds on early Zionist and Palestinian contact.
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Is Boycotting Israel or Its Territories Antisemitic? Reading the Published Definitions, the Official Adoptions and the Survey Record
Three published definitions of antisemitism split on boycotts. What the texts, the official adoptions and the survey record actually state.
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How Do AIPAC’s Affiliated Networks Influence Congressional Races? Reading the FEC Filings, the Recorded Votes and the Disclosed Travel
Two channels, two sets of filings: what the campaign finance record shows about AIPAC-affiliated money in congressional races, and what it never records.
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Does AIPAC Influence Media Coverage of Israel? What the Filings and the Coverage Counts Record
Campaign-finance filings, congressional travel disclosures, published coverage tallies and survey trends, and what each one actually records.
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Is Blocking Humanitarian Aid to Gaza Collective Punishment? Reading the Treaty Text, the Determinations Issued and Each Party’s Own Counts
Four named bodies apply the term and no tribunal has entered the finding. What Article 33, the relief-passage rules and each party’s counts record.
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Has Zionism Resulted in Palestinian Dispossession and Occupation? Reading the Archives, the Enacted Texts and the Recorded Votes
Roughly 700,000 Palestinians were displaced in 1947 to 1949, per Morris’s archival history. What the archives, statutes and recorded votes hold.
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Who Owned the Land of Palestine, and How Did It Change Hands? Reading the Registers, the Purchase Figures and the 1948 Instruments
Published shares of Jewish landholding at the end of the Mandate run from 2.1% to 7.6%. Reading the registers, the purchases and the 1948 instruments.
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Which Humanitarian Organizations Have Documented Israeli War Crimes? Reading the Published Findings and the Accountability Counts
Four NGOs and two UN mandate bodies carry the war-crimes findings on Gaza; Israel’s own prosecutors report 74 investigations from 1,000+ referrals.
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What Do Human Rights Groups Argue When They Call Israel an Apartheid State? Reading the Treaty Text, the Determinations and Israel’s Own Records
The published apartheid arguments rest on a three-element treaty test. What each element claims, and what the primary records hold.
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What Evidence Is There of Israel Committing War Crimes? Reading the Findings Issued, the Party Counts and the Court Record
Israel’s military prosecutors report 74 criminal investigations; the wider war-crimes record is incident-level, dated and largely unadjudicated.
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Is Torture of Palestinian Prisoners a War Crime? Reading the Treaty Text, the Determinations Issued and Israel’s Own Investigation Counts
Geneva Convention IV names torture of protected persons a grave breach. What the treaty text, Israel’s court rulings and its own counts record.
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Are Attacks on Palestinian Civilians and Property Systematic? Reading the Findings Issued, the Treaty Standard and Israel’s Own Investigation Counts
Four named bodies have issued findings of systematic attacks since 2023. What the treaty standard requires, and what Israel’s own investigation counts record.
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Is There a Policy of Starvation in Gaza? Reading the Treaty Standard, the Determinations Issued and Each Party’s Own Counts
No court has ruled on starvation as a method of war in Gaza. What the treaty text, the famine classification and Israel’s own aid counts record.
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Is Israel Carrying Out a Deliberate Campaign of Starvation in Gaza? Reading the Determinations, the Treaty Standard and Each Party’s Own Counts
Four bodies issued deliberate-starvation determinations from 2023 to 2025; the judicial record reaches only reasonable grounds. What each figure measures.
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How Does the Occupation Since 1967 Feed Apartheid Allegations? Reading the Treaty Texts, the Court Record and Israel’s Own Statistics
Israel has held the West Bank and East Jerusalem since June 1967. What the treaty texts, court records and official statistics document.
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How Do West Bank Settlements Figure in Apartheid Allegations? Reading the Treaty Clause, the Dated Determinations and Israel’s Own Statistics
Which settlement policies the apartheid determinations name, why the settler counts differ, and what Israel’s own statistics and the treaty texts record.
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Does the Blockade Exacerbate the Gaza Genocide? Reading the Deprivation Figures, the Convention Text and Each Party’s Own Counts
Deprivation figures, the 1948 Convention text, court orders and each party’s own aid counts on whether restrictions worsened conditions in Gaza.
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Does Israel’s Nation-State Law Define the State on Racial Grounds? Reading the Enacted Text, the Treaty Definition and the Court Record
No tribunal outside Israel has ruled on the 2018 nation-state law. What the enacted text, ICERD’s definition and the 2021 judgment hold.
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What Are the Characteristics of the System Described as “Israeli Apartheid”? Reading the Named Enumerations, the Treaty Text and the Official Counts
Two documents enumerate four and five characteristics. What the treaty definition, the census counts and Israel’s own statistics record about each.
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Why Is Israel Seen as the Aggressor? Reading the Polls, the Party Counts and the Framing Studies
Gallup’s sympathies reading fell from 63% in 2010 to 46% in 2025. Which reasons offered for the shift carry a dated measurement, and which do not.
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Is the Gaza Blockade a Violation of Human Dignity? Reading the Assessments Issued, the Legal Standards and Each Party’s Own Counts
The dignity phrasing traces to one 2008 humanitarian assessment. What the published characterizations, the treaty text and each party’s counts hold.
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Has Israel Continued to Use Starvation as a Weapon of War in Gaza? Reading the Determinations Issued and Each Party’s Own Counts
Five dated determinations from 2023 to 2025, the standard each one applied, and the counts Israel and Gaza health officials each publish.
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Does Israel Practice Apartheid in the Occupied Palestinian Territories? Reading the Treaty Text, the Dated Determinations and the Court Record
Four determinations apply the term between 2021 and 2022, none of them judicial. What the treaty text, the enacted law and the court record hold.
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Does Israel Create a Double Exclusion of Palestinians? Reading the Statuses the Official Records Keep Apart
Four Palestinian population statuses appear in the official records, each counted by a different body. What each one measures, and where the evidence thins.
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How Does Israel’s Regime Perpetuate Jewish Supremacy? Reading the Enacted Text, the Court Record and the Official Counts
The 2018 Basic Law passed 62 to 55, the Supreme Court upheld it in 2021, and Israel’s own statistics count 2.13 million Arab citizens.
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What Pattern of Conduct Indicates Genocidal Intent in Gaza? Reading the Convention Text, the Findings and Israel’s Own Counts
The 1948 Genocide Convention lists five acts. Which bodies say the Gaza pattern meets that standard, and what Israel’s own records count.
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Is Israel Carrying Out Ethnic Cleansing in Gaza? Reading the Standard, the Findings Issued and the Counts Each Party Publishes
No court has ruled. What the issued findings say, what the legal standard requires, and what the official population and military counts record.
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Is Israel Deliberately Targeting Palestinian Civilians? Reading the Findings Issued, the Directives and Israel’s Own Investigation Counts
Named bodies allege direct attacks on civilians. Israel’s military advocate reports 74 criminal investigations from over 1,000 referred incidents.
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Why Is Israel’s Treatment of Palestinians Called Apartheid? Reading the Treaty Definition, the Dated Determinations and Israel’s Own Records
The characterization traces to a 1973 treaty definition and to determinations published between January 2021 and February 2022. What each record holds.
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What Evidence Supports the Claim That Israel’s Rule Amounts to Apartheid? Reading the Treaty Text, the Published Determinations and the Official Statistics
Four determinations published between January 2021 and March 2022 carry the finding. What the treaty text requires, and what the records hold.
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Is Anti-Zionism a Legitimate Moral Stand Against Israel’s Practices? Reading the Standards, the Rulings and the Coded Discourse
What a 2024 UK tribunal ruled, what the ADL and INSS standards set as the line, and what coded discourse studies measure about self-determination.
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Did Israel Expel Palestinians From Their Land? Reading the Archives, the Founding Text and the 1948 Votes
Roughly 700,000 Palestinians were displaced in 1948. What the archives, Israel’s founding declaration and the recorded UN votes document.
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What Will Happen to Civilians in Gaza? Reading the Counts Each Body Publishes
Gaza’s health ministry recorded 236,505 dead and injured by October 2025. What each count measures, and what each party publishes.
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Does Amnesty International Describe Israel’s Actions as Genocide and Apartheid? Reading the Published Documents and the Record Around Them
Two dated documents, one internal rejection, a named legal disagreement over intent, and the counts each party publishes.
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Has “Zionista” Become an Accusation of Murder, Racism and Genocide?
What coded corpora, two recorded UN votes and national incident records show about the word Zionist used as an accusation.
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What Is the “End Game of Zionism” Concerning Palestinian Land? Reading the Enacted Texts and the Land Records
Israel’s 2018 Basic Law, the Levy and Sasson reviews, and the Palestinian census records, set against the river-to-sea reading of Zionism’s stated end.
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Do AIPAC-Backed Members of Congress Vote Differently on Israel Aid?
Recorded votes, FEC filings and ethics disclosures on AIPAC funding and how Congress votes on Israel security assistance.
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What Is the Historical Basis for Claims of Jewish Supremacy in Israel? Reading the Enacted Texts and the Court Record
The 1948 Declaration, the 2018 Basic Law passed 62 to 55, and two Supreme Court rulings: what the dated documents behind the claim actually say.
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What Role Does Settler Violence Play in Taking Palestinian Land? Reading the Official Records and the Mapped Counts
The State Department recorded 1,277 settler-violence incidents in 2023 and 1,442 Palestinians displaced. What each record and mapping actually counts.
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What Methods Do Settlers Use to Displace Palestinians? Reading the Documentation, the Reviews and the Court Record
Three method groupings recur across the documented record, alongside Israel’s own 2005 commissioned review and two High Court evacuation rulings.
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How Much Palestinian Land Has Israel Taken? Reading the Declarations, the Statutes and the Court Record
Published totals run from about 1 million to more than 17 million dunams. What each figure counts, and which body measured it.
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Does Israel’s Government Promote a Jewish Supremacist Agenda? Reading the Enacted Texts, the Votes and the Court Record
Israel’s Nation-State Basic Law passed 62 to 55 in 2018 with no equality clause. What the enacted texts, commissioned reviews and court rulings record.
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What Do the Official Records Show About How Densely Israelis and Palestinians Live?
Two statistical agencies count two populations on one small territory: 878 persons per km² in 2021, 5,853 in Gaza, 10.148 million in Israel.
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Why Do Members of Congress Support Pro-Israel Policies When Public Opinion Has Shifted?
The House passed the last standalone Israel bill 366 to 58, while 60% of Americans viewed Israel unfavorably. A 2016 agreement sets the dollar level.
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What Does the Documentary Record Show About Civilian Harm in Gaza?
Israel’s Foreign Ministry states two war objectives and names no third. The rest of the record is counts, nearly all published by a party to the events.
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Is Settler Expansion Part of a Long-Term Strategy to Empty the West Bank of Palestinians?
The Palestinian census counted 2,881,687 West Bank residents in 2017. What the population record, Israel’s own state reviews and its court rulings document.
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Which Israeli Laws Are Called Jewish Supremacist, and What Do They Say?
Seven Israeli laws carry the label. One is a Basic Law, passed 62 to 55 in July 2018 and upheld 10 to 1 by the Supreme Court in July 2021.
Data Report
How Have the Israeli and Palestinian Populations Grown, and Why Are the Numbers Disputed?
Israel grew from 2 million to over 10 million; the West Bank and Gaza from 2 million to 5.4 million. The growth, and why the counts behind it are disputed.
Trend Analysis
What Happened to the Gap Between Israeli and Palestinian Birth Rates?
The Israeli-Palestinian fertility gap fell from nearly four children per woman to under half a child between 1990 and 2024. The data, and the debate over why.
Data Report
Two National Counts of Antisemitism Differ Fivefold. What Explains the Gap?
The FBI logged 1,938 anti-Jewish hate crimes in 2024 and the ADL logged 9,354. Two national counts, five times apart, read category by category to find the gap.
Explainer
Are Zionism and Judaism the Same Thing?
Zionism and Judaism are not synonyms: one is a political movement, the other a religion and peoplehood. A model shows how the two attitudes connect.
Discourse
How Gaza-War Headlines Name the Agent of Violence
A corpus study of 1,976 Gaza-war headlines: only 19% depict a violent act, and when one names an actor it is Israel 80% of the time and no one 23%.
Trend Analysis
Does Antisemitism Rise After Conflict?
Antisemitic expression rises alongside conflict, not necessarily from it: the October 7 spike hit within minutes, with parallel rises at earlier flashpoints.