Data Report
What Is Breaking the Silence, and What Do Its Testimonies Record About the Occupation?
An Israeli veterans’ group has collected accounts from over 1,000 soldiers since 2004. What a testimony archive can and cannot measure.
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19 results for “Fourth Geneva Convention”
Data Report
Why Is Israel’s Occupation Called the Longest in Modern History? Reading the 1967 Orders, the Interim Agreement and Israel’s Own Court Record
The occupation dates to June 1967, 59 years by 2026. What the military orders, Oslo II and Israel’s own court record show about its length.
Explainer
What Must an IDF Soldier Do Who Sees a Violation? NAZA’s Insiders and the IDF’s Own Rules
The IDF says NAZA’s interviewees had to report what they saw. Its ethics code, the black-flag test and 74 investigations show what that means.
Data Report
Does Hamas Fight From Civilian Sites, as the IDF Says in Answer to NAZA? What Israel’s Own Records Show
Israel’s own records back the IDF’s answer to NAZA with a map and cases, not a count. What they show about Hamas and civilian sites.
Data Report
Does “Occupation” Still Describe Israel? What the Word Designates, the Test It Turns On, and What Each Register Counts
The term attaches to named parcels of territory, not to a state. What the instruments, Israel’s own court record and each population register show.
Data Report
Does Length of Residence Decide Whether an Expulsion Is Lawful? Reading the Treaty Clauses, the Land Codes and the Compensation File
The instruments governing forced displacement carry no term of years. Where duration is legally operative, it is in property law.
Data Report
Do Israeli Settlements Hinder the Two-State Solution? Reading the Signed Interim Agreement, the Court Records and the Recorded Votes
What the 1995 Interim Agreement, two Israeli outpost judgments and a 1933 treaty actually say about settlements, Area C jurisdiction and statehood.
Data Report
Is Israel’s Occupation of Palestinian Territories Related to Its Opposition to Statehood? Reading the Recorded Votes, the Treaty Text and Each Party’s Own Statements
Israel’s parliament voted 68 to 9 against Palestinian statehood in July 2024. What the recorded votes and the law of occupation each hold.
Data Report
How Does Land Titling Advance Israeli Control Over Occupied Territory? Reading the Registration Counts, the Cabinet Decision and the Treaty Text
1.3 million dunums registered since 2016, 24,258 dunams declared state land in 2024, and what a 1907 treaty text says about a land register.
Data Report
Why Are Israeli Settlements Considered Illegal Under International Law? Reading the Treaty Clause, the Recorded Vote and Israel’s Own Court Record
The illegality finding traces to one sentence of the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention. What the clause says, and where the reading is disputed.
Data Report
Were Children in Gaza Shot in Areas Designated as Safe? Reading the Compiled Cases, the Treaty Text and Each Party’s Own Counts
A BBC investigation compiled 168 cases of children shot in Gaza, 95 in the head or chest. What the records establish and what they do not.
Data Report
How Have the October 7 Atrocities Been Justified? Reading the Catalogued Frames, the Party’s Own Text and the Treaty Clauses
Three catalogued denial categories, Hamas’s own January 2024 text, the treaty clauses that answer them, and the monitoring counts that coincided.
Data Report
Is Blocking Humanitarian Aid to Gaza Collective Punishment? Reading the Treaty Text, the Determinations Issued and Each Party’s Own Counts
Four named bodies apply the term and no tribunal has entered the finding. What Article 33, the relief-passage rules and each party’s counts record.
Data Report
Is Israel Carrying Out a Deliberate Campaign of Starvation in Gaza? Reading the Determinations, the Treaty Standard and Each Party’s Own Counts
Four bodies issued deliberate-starvation determinations from 2023 to 2025; the judicial record reaches only reasonable grounds. What each figure measures.
Data Report
Is Israel Using Starvation as a Weapon Against Children in Gaza? Reading the Determinations Issued, the Treaty Standard and Each Party’s Own Counts
Named determinations, WHO screening figures, the Rome Statute’s intent standard and each party’s own published counts on child hunger in Gaza.
Data Report
How Does the Occupation Since 1967 Feed Apartheid Allegations? Reading the Treaty Texts, the Court Record and Israel’s Own Statistics
Israel has held the West Bank and East Jerusalem since June 1967. What the treaty texts, court records and official statistics document.
Data Report
Is the Gaza Blockade a Violation of Human Dignity? Reading the Assessments Issued, the Legal Standards and Each Party’s Own Counts
The dignity phrasing traces to one 2008 humanitarian assessment. What the published characterizations, the treaty text and each party’s counts hold.
Data Report
Is Israel Carrying Out Ethnic Cleansing in Gaza? Reading the Standard, the Findings Issued and the Counts Each Party Publishes
No court has ruled. What the issued findings say, what the legal standard requires, and what the official population and military counts record.
Data Report
Does Prior Presence Justify Forced Removal? Reading the Conventions, the Archives and the 1947 Vote
Three instruments, two archive-based histories and one recorded vote: what the texts and counts behind the 1948 displacement actually say.